Under the Republican president's order announced on Monday, a 90-day ban on travel to the US will be imposed on citizens of Iran, Libya, Syria, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen.
Travellers holding pre-existing visas would still be allowed entry, according to the new order, which will come into effect at midnight on March 16.
Green card holders will not be affected by the order.
Unlike the previous ban, the new directive does not include Iraq in its list of countries targeted, following pressure from the Pentagon and state department which had urged the White House to reconsider given Iraq's key role in fighting the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) group.
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Iraq said the revised order sends a "positive message" about the future of bilateral relations as the two countries work to combat ISIL, also known as ISIS.
Saad al-Hadithi, government spokesman, said the decision to revise the ban shows that there is a "real partnership" between Washington and Baghdad.
The new version also removed language that would give priority to religious minorities.
Critics had accused the administration of adding such language to help Christians get into the United States while excluding Muslims.
Al Jazeera's Alan Fisher, reporting from Washington, DC, said: "[US officials] have tried to take what was the existing executive order, make it much tighter, and essentially make it bullet proof in the courts."
'Vital for security'
Rex Tillerson, US secretary of state, said that the renewed ban is "a vital measure for strengthening our national security".
"With this order, president Trump is exercising his rightful authority to keep our people safe," he said.
Attorney General Jeff Sessions said the order "responsibly provides a needed pause so we can carefully review how we scrutinise people coming here from these countries of concern".
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"Three of these nations are state sponsors of terrorism," Sessions said, referring to Iran, Sudan and Syria, adding that others had served as "safe havens" for fighters.
Trump's first order, signed on January 27, led to chaos at airports, protests and international condemnation.
That order was ultimately blocked by the courts.
Many said the order had partially fulfilled Trump's campaign promise to ban Muslims from entering the US.
"There's going to be a very orderly process," a senior official from the homeland security department said.
"You should not see any chaos so to speak, or alleged chaos at airports. There aren't going to be folks stopped tonight from coming into the country because of this executive order."
Reactions
Peter Roff of Frontiers for Freedom, a right-wing think tank, welcomed the move.
"Muslims are not banned from America. On the contrary, Muslims are welcomed in America, but we are only trying to prevent terrorists from coming in who might be infiltrating our country as refugees.
"ISIS and al-Qaeda terrorists killed more Muslims than Christians and Jews."
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However, several Democrats condemned the new ban.
The leader of the minority Democrats in the Senate, Chuck Schumer, said he expected the revised order to have the same uphill battle in the courts as the original version.
"A watered down ban is still a ban," he said in a statement.
"Despite the administration's changes, this dangerous executive order makes us less safe, not more, it is mean-spirited, and un-American. It must be repealed."
Trump's original ban resulted in more than two dozen legal cases in US courts.
Attorney General Bob Ferguson of Washington state, which succeeded in having the previous ban suspended, said he was "carefully reviewing" the new order.
Tom Perez, chair of the Democratic National Committee, said party members have a "responsibility to fight back".
"I've seen firsthand the difference we can make when we refuse to accept the hateful, immoral, unconstitutional actions of the Trump administration," Perez said.
Senator Dianne Feinstein said the ban "does not strengthen our national security".
"Painting more than 150 million people with the same broad brush is contrary to the principle of religious freedom and will do nothing to make us safer," she said.
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Rights groups, meanwhile, criticised the new order.
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) said the new ban was a "scaled-back version that shares the same fatal flaws".
In a statement, ACLU said: "The only way to actually fix the Muslim ban is not to have a Muslim ban. Instead, President Trump has recommitted himself to religious discrimination, and he can expect continued disapproval from both the courts and the people."
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