Theresa May has arrived in Turkey for talks with President Recep Tayyip Erdogan about security and a post-Brexit trade deal.
The UK and Turkey have agreed to set up a joint working group to pave the way for a free trade agreement, but formal negotiations cannot commence until Brexit is finalised.
The Prime Minister and Mr Erdogan are also expected to unveil a strategic security partnership which will see the UK and Turkey collaborate more closely on aviation security and counter-terrorism measures.
As she sat down with the Turkish leader, Mrs May saw her own image on TV screens which were showing footage of her meeting with Donald Trump on Friday.
The Prime Minister laughed after being told by an aide to Mr Erdogan that the visit had been "well covered in Turkey".
Before being taken the presidential palace, Mrs May laid a wreath at the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk - the leader of the Turkish War of Independence and founder of the Republic of Turkey.
She signed her name in the visitors' book and left a message which read: "It is a great honour to visit this special place of remembrance to the founding father of modern Turkey.
"Let us together renew our efforts to fulfil Ataturk's vision of peace at home and peace in the world."
Mrs May's visit to Ankara comes at an unstable time for Turkey, which has suffered several terror attacks in recent months.
The Prime Minister is also under pressure to confront Mr Erdogan over human rights, as his crackdown on dissent following last summer's failed coup has seen thousands of officials jailed and several media outlets closed.
Amnesty International said that the human rights situation across Turkey had "deteriorated markedly" during the state of emergency imposed by Mr Erdogan and urged Mrs May to ask "probing questions" about allegations that those in detention have suffered ill treatment.
Meanwhile, Lib Dem leader Tim Farron said Mrs May should address alleged human rights violations "as a priority".
He said: "As Theresa May seeks trade deals with ever-more unsavoury leaders, she ignores the simple point that the most successful countries around the world respect human rights - economies flourish in free societies."
Downing Street did not confirm whether human rights would be raised during the discussions, but a spokesperson said the Government had "already expressed our strong support for Turkey's democracy and institutions following the coup".
The spokesperson added: "We have also been clear that we urge Turkey to ensure their response is proportionate, justified and in line with international human rights obligations."
Turkey is going to become the 13th country to set up a working group on trade with the UK.
On a visit to Ankara last year, Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson expressed hope of securing a "jumbo" free trade deal with Turkey after Brexit.
Figures from the International Monetary Fund show the UK was the second-largest destination for Turkish exports in 2015, buying more than £8bn in goods.
Saturday, January 28, 2017
Trump halts all refugee arrivals to 'keep Islamic terrorists out'
Donald Trump has signed a sweeping new executive order to suspend refugee arrivals and impose tough new controls on travellers from seven Muslim countries.
The US President who had promised the measures - called "extreme vetting" - during last year's election campaign, said he was making America safe from "radical Islamic terrorists".
"This is big stuff," he declared at the Pentagon, after signing an order entitled 'Protection of the nation from foreign terrorist entry into the United States'.
"I'm establishing new vetting measures to keep radical Islamic terrorists out of the United States of America.
"We only want to admit those into our country who will support our country and love deeply our people."
Mr Trump's decree suspends the entire US refugee resettlement programme for at least 120 days while tough new vetting rules of applicants' backgrounds are established.
The new protocols will "ensure that those approved for refugee admission do not pose a threat to the security and welfare of the United States".
In addition, it specifically bars Syrian refugees from the US indefinitely, or until the President himself decides that they no longer pose a threat.
Meanwhile, no visas will be issued for 90 days to migrants or visitors from seven mainly-Muslim countries: Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen.
The US President who had promised the measures - called "extreme vetting" - during last year's election campaign, said he was making America safe from "radical Islamic terrorists".
"This is big stuff," he declared at the Pentagon, after signing an order entitled 'Protection of the nation from foreign terrorist entry into the United States'.
"I'm establishing new vetting measures to keep radical Islamic terrorists out of the United States of America.
"We only want to admit those into our country who will support our country and love deeply our people."
Mr Trump's decree suspends the entire US refugee resettlement programme for at least 120 days while tough new vetting rules of applicants' backgrounds are established.
The new protocols will "ensure that those approved for refugee admission do not pose a threat to the security and welfare of the United States".
In addition, it specifically bars Syrian refugees from the US indefinitely, or until the President himself decides that they no longer pose a threat.
Meanwhile, no visas will be issued for 90 days to migrants or visitors from seven mainly-Muslim countries: Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen.
Theresa May refuses to condemn Donald Trump's immigration controls
Theresa May has refused to condemn Donald Trump when asked by Sky News about his new ban on refugees and controls on travellers from seven predominantly Muslim countries.
The Prime Minister tried to avoid commenting on the controversial policyduring a news conference with her Turkish counterpart Binali Yildirim.
On Friday Mrs May became the first foreign leader to visit the White House since Mr Trump's inauguration - and talked stateside about their shared values.
The new controls were announced after the PM left Washington DC and she was asked by Sky News whether she still believed she shared the values of President Trump.
But while Mr Yildirim criticised the visa restrictions, Mrs May at first dodged the question.
She said: "I was very pleased to visit Washington and hold the discussions I did with President Trump yesterday.
"On the issue of refugees I've recognised the contribution Turkey has made in hosting and supporting three million refuges as a result of the Syrian conflict.
"The UK also has a good record in that we have developed a number of schemes for resettlement from the region.
"The UK is the second largest bilateral donor outside the region in terms of money we've put into this issue."
Mr Trump said he was making America safe from "radical Islamic terrorists" as he signed the executive order restricting travellers from Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen.
Under pressure from British reporters, Mrs May eventually said: "The United States is responsible for the United States policy on refugees. The United Kingdom is responsible for the United Kingdom's policy on refugees."
Her Turkish counterpart Mr Yildirim told Sky News: "This refugee issue is a global issue. We have 55 million refuges worldwide and we know there are 200 UN member states. This number is higher than the population of 150 of the member states.
"We cannot turn a blind eye to this issue and you cannot settle this issue by constructing walls."
Reacting to Mrs May's comments, Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn said: "President Trump's executive order against refugees and Muslims should shock and appal us all.
"Theresa May should have stood up for Britain and our values by condemning his actions. It should sadden our country that she chose not to.
"After Trump's hideous actions and May's weak failure to condemn them, it's more important than ever for us to say to refugees seeking a place of safety, that they will always be welcome in Britain."
Turkey has taken three million refugees as a result of the Syrian conflict.
Mr Yildirim added: "They came here to save their lives. Our doors were open and if the same thing were to happen again we would do the same. If there is someone in need you give them a helping hand.
"We will continue accommodating these people until there is peace there."
The news conference came after Mrs May announced a £100m deal for the development of fighter jets for Turkey, following trade talks with President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
The Prime Minister tried to avoid commenting on the controversial policyduring a news conference with her Turkish counterpart Binali Yildirim.
On Friday Mrs May became the first foreign leader to visit the White House since Mr Trump's inauguration - and talked stateside about their shared values.
The new controls were announced after the PM left Washington DC and she was asked by Sky News whether she still believed she shared the values of President Trump.
But while Mr Yildirim criticised the visa restrictions, Mrs May at first dodged the question.
She said: "I was very pleased to visit Washington and hold the discussions I did with President Trump yesterday.
"On the issue of refugees I've recognised the contribution Turkey has made in hosting and supporting three million refuges as a result of the Syrian conflict.
"The UK also has a good record in that we have developed a number of schemes for resettlement from the region.
"The UK is the second largest bilateral donor outside the region in terms of money we've put into this issue."
Mr Trump said he was making America safe from "radical Islamic terrorists" as he signed the executive order restricting travellers from Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen.
Under pressure from British reporters, Mrs May eventually said: "The United States is responsible for the United States policy on refugees. The United Kingdom is responsible for the United Kingdom's policy on refugees."
Her Turkish counterpart Mr Yildirim told Sky News: "This refugee issue is a global issue. We have 55 million refuges worldwide and we know there are 200 UN member states. This number is higher than the population of 150 of the member states.
"We cannot turn a blind eye to this issue and you cannot settle this issue by constructing walls."
Reacting to Mrs May's comments, Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn said: "President Trump's executive order against refugees and Muslims should shock and appal us all.
"Theresa May should have stood up for Britain and our values by condemning his actions. It should sadden our country that she chose not to.
"After Trump's hideous actions and May's weak failure to condemn them, it's more important than ever for us to say to refugees seeking a place of safety, that they will always be welcome in Britain."
Turkey has taken three million refugees as a result of the Syrian conflict.
Mr Yildirim added: "They came here to save their lives. Our doors were open and if the same thing were to happen again we would do the same. If there is someone in need you give them a helping hand.
"We will continue accommodating these people until there is peace there."
The news conference came after Mrs May announced a £100m deal for the development of fighter jets for Turkey, following trade talks with President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
UK and Turkey clinch £100m fighter jet deal during Theresa May's visit
Theresa May has announced a £100m deal for the development of fighter jets for Turkey, following trade talks with President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
Speaking after discussions with Mr Erdogan in Ankara, Mrs May said Britain and Turkey will "prepare the ground" for a post-Brexit trade deal by setting up a joint working group.
It came as the UK-based BAE Systems and Turkish Aerospace Industries signed a Heads of Agreement document establishing a £100m partnership for the continued development of the Turkish Fighter Programme.
Mrs May said: "We both want to build on our existing links and I believe that doing so will be to the benefit of both our countries and for the prosperity of both our nations.
"What has underpinned our conversations has been the opportunity for Turkey and the UK to build on our existing relations, to our mutual benefit for the future."
Speaking alongside Mrs May at the presidential palace, Mr Erdogan said relations between Turkey and the UK would "enjoy a very different nature and position".
He added his hope that annual trade between the two countries could be increased from $15.6bn (£12.4bn) to $20bn (£15.9bn).
:: Donald Trump '100% behind NATO' after Theresa May talks
Talks between the pair came before a meeting between Mrs May and Turkish Prime Minister Binali Yildirim.
Ahead of her arrival in Ankara, Mrs May had been under pressure to confront Mr Erdogan over human rights, as his crackdown on dissent following last summer's failed coup has seen thousands of officials jailed and several media outlets closed.
The Turkish President said the pair discussed social issues, while Mrs May also made a brief reference to alleged human rights violations.
She said: "I'm proud that the UK stood with (Mr Erdogan) on July 15 last year in defence of your democracy.
"Now it is important Turkey sustains that democracy by maintaining the rule of law and upholding its international human rights obligations, as the government has undertaken to do."
Before being taken the presidential palace, Mrs May laid a wreath at the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk - the leader of the Turkish War of Independence and founder of the Republic of Turkey.
She signed her name in the visitors' book and left a message which read: "It is a great honour to visit this special place of remembrance to the founding father of modern Turkey.
"Let us together renew our efforts to fulfil Ataturk's vision of peace at home and peace in the world."
Speaking after discussions with Mr Erdogan in Ankara, Mrs May said Britain and Turkey will "prepare the ground" for a post-Brexit trade deal by setting up a joint working group.
It came as the UK-based BAE Systems and Turkish Aerospace Industries signed a Heads of Agreement document establishing a £100m partnership for the continued development of the Turkish Fighter Programme.
Mrs May said: "We both want to build on our existing links and I believe that doing so will be to the benefit of both our countries and for the prosperity of both our nations.
"What has underpinned our conversations has been the opportunity for Turkey and the UK to build on our existing relations, to our mutual benefit for the future."
Speaking alongside Mrs May at the presidential palace, Mr Erdogan said relations between Turkey and the UK would "enjoy a very different nature and position".
He added his hope that annual trade between the two countries could be increased from $15.6bn (£12.4bn) to $20bn (£15.9bn).
:: Donald Trump '100% behind NATO' after Theresa May talks
Talks between the pair came before a meeting between Mrs May and Turkish Prime Minister Binali Yildirim.
Ahead of her arrival in Ankara, Mrs May had been under pressure to confront Mr Erdogan over human rights, as his crackdown on dissent following last summer's failed coup has seen thousands of officials jailed and several media outlets closed.
The Turkish President said the pair discussed social issues, while Mrs May also made a brief reference to alleged human rights violations.
She said: "I'm proud that the UK stood with (Mr Erdogan) on July 15 last year in defence of your democracy.
"Now it is important Turkey sustains that democracy by maintaining the rule of law and upholding its international human rights obligations, as the government has undertaken to do."
Before being taken the presidential palace, Mrs May laid a wreath at the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk - the leader of the Turkish War of Independence and founder of the Republic of Turkey.
She signed her name in the visitors' book and left a message which read: "It is a great honour to visit this special place of remembrance to the founding father of modern Turkey.
"Let us together renew our efforts to fulfil Ataturk's vision of peace at home and peace in the world."
Thursday, January 26, 2017
Threat of losing iconic music venues 'a real tragedy'
Britain's "precious" music scene needs protecting at a grassroots level, according to singer Suggs.
His band Madness sells out arenas nowadays but back when they were starting out they cut their teeth playing gigs in the back room of Camden's Dublin Castle.
"Playing eyeball to eyeball with a crowd is where you really learn how to entertain," the singer says. He's back at the pub to speak about Independent Venue Week.
"There used to be 10 or 12 of these spaces around Camden and now there are two or three left.
"When you hear about all the venues we've lost, I think it's a real tragedy.
"If you think about the amount of pop music this country has produced - and we don't produce much else these days - I think it's something we need to be quite precious about."
:: January - Vinyl sales at 25-year high as David Bowie's Blackstar leads revival
Oasis, Blur, The Libertines - ask pretty much any older British rock group how they learnt to play and they'll tell you stories of sweaty rooms, sticky floors and music so loud your ears would be ringing for days.
In the last decade, however, many small music venues have struggled to stay open.
"We're dealing with a whole range of issues," said Mark Davyd, chief executive of the Music Venues Trust.
His organisation is currently trying to help more than 20 iconic music venues that are under threat.
"All the way across the UK there's problems with licensing, planning, development and local authorities who don't really understand how important a music venue is, both to the town and the community.
"Oasis played 25 of these shows around the UK, nearly all of them lost money when they were breaking through in that tour, they then became the biggest band in the world.
"Do you know what's happened to those venues?
"Only 12 of them are still open - only 12 out of 25. That's not good enough."
For decades The Square in Harlow has been a stomping ground for up-and-coming bands.
Blur played one of their very first gigs at the venue, back when they were calling themselves Seymour. It will shut for good after one final gig on Saturday.
Venue manager Dave Bennett says he has exhausted all options.
"It is very sad.
"For me a piece of Harlow has been given away to a developer and the return on that is minimal."
Houses are going to be built on the site where The Square currently stands. The music venue can't afford to re-open anywhere else.
"It has got to be a balance, you know," Mr Bennett said.
"It can't all be what the figures at the bottom of a balance sheet say, it has to be an investment in your community."
His band Madness sells out arenas nowadays but back when they were starting out they cut their teeth playing gigs in the back room of Camden's Dublin Castle.
"Playing eyeball to eyeball with a crowd is where you really learn how to entertain," the singer says. He's back at the pub to speak about Independent Venue Week.
"There used to be 10 or 12 of these spaces around Camden and now there are two or three left.
"When you hear about all the venues we've lost, I think it's a real tragedy.
"If you think about the amount of pop music this country has produced - and we don't produce much else these days - I think it's something we need to be quite precious about."
:: January - Vinyl sales at 25-year high as David Bowie's Blackstar leads revival
Oasis, Blur, The Libertines - ask pretty much any older British rock group how they learnt to play and they'll tell you stories of sweaty rooms, sticky floors and music so loud your ears would be ringing for days.
In the last decade, however, many small music venues have struggled to stay open.
"We're dealing with a whole range of issues," said Mark Davyd, chief executive of the Music Venues Trust.
His organisation is currently trying to help more than 20 iconic music venues that are under threat.
"All the way across the UK there's problems with licensing, planning, development and local authorities who don't really understand how important a music venue is, both to the town and the community.
"Oasis played 25 of these shows around the UK, nearly all of them lost money when they were breaking through in that tour, they then became the biggest band in the world.
"Do you know what's happened to those venues?
"Only 12 of them are still open - only 12 out of 25. That's not good enough."
For decades The Square in Harlow has been a stomping ground for up-and-coming bands.
Blur played one of their very first gigs at the venue, back when they were calling themselves Seymour. It will shut for good after one final gig on Saturday.
Venue manager Dave Bennett says he has exhausted all options.
"It is very sad.
"For me a piece of Harlow has been given away to a developer and the return on that is minimal."
Houses are going to be built on the site where The Square currently stands. The music venue can't afford to re-open anywhere else.
"It has got to be a balance, you know," Mr Bennett said.
"It can't all be what the figures at the bottom of a balance sheet say, it has to be an investment in your community."
Syrian opposition factions join Ahrar al-Sham
Six armed opposition factions in Syria have announced that they are joining the ranks of Ahrar al-Sham, one of the country's largest rebel groups.
Their decision came after Jabhat Fateh al-Sham, formerly known as Jabhat al-Nusra, attacked their positions in Idlib and Aleppo provinces. The six factions include Alwiyat Suqour al-Sham, Kataib Thawar al-Sham, Jaish al-Mujahideen and Tajamo Fastaqim Kama Umirat, along with Jaish al-Islam's Idlib branch and al-Jabha al-Shamiya's west Aleppo branch.
Ahrar al-Sham issued a statement on Thursday welcoming the factions and warning that any attack on them would be considered "a declaration of war".
Tensions between Jabhat Fateh al-Sham and armed opposition groups, including the Free Syrian Army (FSA), escalated on Tuesday evening after Jabhat Fateh al-Sham attacked factional headquarters across the two provinces.
INTERACTIVE: What's left of Syria?
A commander of one FSA faction, who spoke on condition of anonymity, told Al Jazeera that Jabhat Fateh al-Sham continued to attack the six armed groups, even after the announcement. According to him, sporadic clashes occurred between Ahrar al-Sham and Jabhat Fateh al-Sham throughout the day.
He also said that Jabhat Fateh al-Sham had attacked FSA positions in Idlib province and captured a number of its fighters, but cited no casualties in the clashes.
He denied media reports that Jabhat Fateh al-Sham had wiped out a number of FSA factions, but confirmed that the group had captured the headquarters of Jaish al-Mujahideen, Jaish al-Islam and al-Jabha al-Shamiya.
The commander told Al Jazeera that the situation remained tense in Idlib province and that Ahrar al-Sham and a number of senior religious figures were involved in negotiations to restore calm.
Nusra is trying to present it as though the FSA factions want to surrender, to have the Assad regime stay in power and reach a settlement with Russia.
Hamza al-Mustafa, researcher at the Arab Centre for Research and Policy Studies in Doha
In an earlier statement, Ahrar al-Sham had said that it was sending its forces to prevent Jabhat Fateh al-Sham attacking or committing injustices against other factions.
Ahrar al-Sham was among the seven armed groups that Russia declared as "moderate opposition", which were part of the ceasefire announced on December 30, 2016. However, Ahrar al-Sham opted not to participate in the recent Astana talks, while the FSA, Jaish al-Islam and other armed opposition groups sent a delegation.
"Nusra is trying to present it as though the FSA factions want to surrender, to have the Assad regime stay in power and reach a settlement with Russia. By attacking them, it supposedly is preventing such a settlement from taking place," Hamza al-Mustafa, a researcher at the Arab Centre for Research and Policy Studies in Doha, told Al Jazeera.
Mustafa said that Jabhat Fateh al-Sham's attacks on the FSA and other armed opposition groups were prompted by the group's desire to prevent a military union between the FSA, Ahrar al-Sham and various other rebel factions. The current standoff has its roots in a long-term rivalry between the two groups, and in the refusal of Ahrar al-Sham to join Jabhat Fateh al-Sham in establishing an Islamic emirate, Mustafa said.
Their decision came after Jabhat Fateh al-Sham, formerly known as Jabhat al-Nusra, attacked their positions in Idlib and Aleppo provinces. The six factions include Alwiyat Suqour al-Sham, Kataib Thawar al-Sham, Jaish al-Mujahideen and Tajamo Fastaqim Kama Umirat, along with Jaish al-Islam's Idlib branch and al-Jabha al-Shamiya's west Aleppo branch.
Ahrar al-Sham issued a statement on Thursday welcoming the factions and warning that any attack on them would be considered "a declaration of war".
Tensions between Jabhat Fateh al-Sham and armed opposition groups, including the Free Syrian Army (FSA), escalated on Tuesday evening after Jabhat Fateh al-Sham attacked factional headquarters across the two provinces.
INTERACTIVE: What's left of Syria?
A commander of one FSA faction, who spoke on condition of anonymity, told Al Jazeera that Jabhat Fateh al-Sham continued to attack the six armed groups, even after the announcement. According to him, sporadic clashes occurred between Ahrar al-Sham and Jabhat Fateh al-Sham throughout the day.
He also said that Jabhat Fateh al-Sham had attacked FSA positions in Idlib province and captured a number of its fighters, but cited no casualties in the clashes.
He denied media reports that Jabhat Fateh al-Sham had wiped out a number of FSA factions, but confirmed that the group had captured the headquarters of Jaish al-Mujahideen, Jaish al-Islam and al-Jabha al-Shamiya.
The commander told Al Jazeera that the situation remained tense in Idlib province and that Ahrar al-Sham and a number of senior religious figures were involved in negotiations to restore calm.
Nusra is trying to present it as though the FSA factions want to surrender, to have the Assad regime stay in power and reach a settlement with Russia.
Hamza al-Mustafa, researcher at the Arab Centre for Research and Policy Studies in Doha
In an earlier statement, Ahrar al-Sham had said that it was sending its forces to prevent Jabhat Fateh al-Sham attacking or committing injustices against other factions.
Ahrar al-Sham was among the seven armed groups that Russia declared as "moderate opposition", which were part of the ceasefire announced on December 30, 2016. However, Ahrar al-Sham opted not to participate in the recent Astana talks, while the FSA, Jaish al-Islam and other armed opposition groups sent a delegation.
"Nusra is trying to present it as though the FSA factions want to surrender, to have the Assad regime stay in power and reach a settlement with Russia. By attacking them, it supposedly is preventing such a settlement from taking place," Hamza al-Mustafa, a researcher at the Arab Centre for Research and Policy Studies in Doha, told Al Jazeera.
Mustafa said that Jabhat Fateh al-Sham's attacks on the FSA and other armed opposition groups were prompted by the group's desire to prevent a military union between the FSA, Ahrar al-Sham and various other rebel factions. The current standoff has its roots in a long-term rivalry between the two groups, and in the refusal of Ahrar al-Sham to join Jabhat Fateh al-Sham in establishing an Islamic emirate, Mustafa said.
High Court blocks Nigeria oil spill case against Shell
A British court has blocked pollution claims against Anglo-Dutch energy giant Shell by many residents of Nigeria's Niger Delta region demanding action over decades of oil spills there.
Members of the Ogale and Bille communities, who say thousands of lives have been devastated by environmental disasters from the global company, had applied for the case to be heard in Britain, arguing that rampant corruption in their home country prevents them from achieving justice in courts there.
But the High Court in London on Thursday said that it did not have jurisdiction in the case, ruling that it should be settled in Nigeria.
"Our community is disappointed but not discouraged by this judgement," King Emere Godwin Bebe Okpabi, ruler of the Ogale Community, said in a statement.
"This decision has to be appealed, not just for Ogale but for many other people in the Niger Delta who will be shut out if this decision is allowed to stand.
"Shell is simply being asked to clean up its oil and to compensate the communities it has devastated," he said.
The company's lawyer, Peter Goldsmith, told judge Peter Fraser during a hearing in November that the cases concerned "fundamentally Nigerian issues", and should not be heard in London.
Members of the Ogale and Bille communities, who say thousands of lives have been devastated by environmental disasters from the global company, had applied for the case to be heard in Britain, arguing that rampant corruption in their home country prevents them from achieving justice in courts there.
But the High Court in London on Thursday said that it did not have jurisdiction in the case, ruling that it should be settled in Nigeria.
"Our community is disappointed but not discouraged by this judgement," King Emere Godwin Bebe Okpabi, ruler of the Ogale Community, said in a statement.
"This decision has to be appealed, not just for Ogale but for many other people in the Niger Delta who will be shut out if this decision is allowed to stand.
"Shell is simply being asked to clean up its oil and to compensate the communities it has devastated," he said.
The company's lawyer, Peter Goldsmith, told judge Peter Fraser during a hearing in November that the cases concerned "fundamentally Nigerian issues", and should not be heard in London.
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