Chemical terrorism is "a grave reality of our time", Russia has said as it highlighted evidence of the repeated use of deadly toxic agents by Islamic State and other militants in Syria and Iraq.
Russian foreign minister Sergei Lavrov issued the warning as he called for a global pact to combat the threat.
Making the appeal to a UN disarmament conference in Geneva, he said there was a "growing danger" of chemical weapons being used by extremists in Libya and Yemen.
Mr Lavrov said: "Nowadays this threat is getting extremely urgent in the light of newly revealed facts of repeated use of not only industrial toxic chemicals but also of full-fledged chemical warfare agents by ISIL (another name for IS) and other terrorist groups in Syria and Iraq."
He added: "There is a growing danger of similar crimes being committed on the territory of Libya and Yemen as well."
While in Geneva, Mr Lavrov also met UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon, where they agreed on the need for the warring parties to return to the negotiating table amid the fragile ceasefire.
Mr Lavrov is also quoted as saying that Russia wants the Turkish-Syrian border closed because it is being used to supply weapons to terrorists, some of which are hidden in humanitarian aid.
Syrian President Bashar al Assad has described the truce, which has been in force since Saturday, as a "glimmer of hope".
In an interview with German TV, he said: "We will play our part to make the whole thing work."
He also said people living in Syria were suffering from a "humanitarian disaster".
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